Ikatlah ilmu dengan menuliskannya

AKTIVITI spyware dan phishing di negara ini masih terkawal walaupun ada laporan mengenainya, namun ia bukannya satu ancaman kepada negara ketika ini, kata Pengarah Pusat Tindak Balas Kecemasan ICT Kebangsaan (Niser), Lt Kol Husin Jazri. Beliau berkata, populariti aktiviti spyware meningkat di kalangan mereka yang tidak bertanggungjawab dan boleh menjadi ancaman kepada hak peribadi individu jika tidak diuruskan dengan baik kerana jumlah peralatan spyware yang mudah dan banyak didapati membolehkan ia dimanipulasikan untuk kepentingan pihak tidak bertanggungjawab. “Laporan mengenai spyware di Malaysia tidak banyak kerana mereka yang diserang mungkin tidak mengetahuinya atau tidak memaklumkan kepada Niser kerana tidak mahu heboh,” katanya pada satu pertemuan dengan KOMPUTER di pejabatnya di Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, baru-baru ini. Beliau berkata, penggunaan spyware oleh mereka yang tidak bertanggungjawab ialah seperti mengintai atau mencuri dengar/pandang tanpa izin yang melanggar hak peribadi individu serta isu ini perlu ditangani mengikut undang-undang asas manusia iaitu kebebasan individu dan haknya yang perlu dijaga. Husin berkata, aktiviti phishing (mencuri e-identiti) juga mencatat peningkatan kerana populariti perdagangan elektronik membabitkan pelbagai urus niaga di seluruh dunia, termasuk Malaysia. “Peningkatan mendadak e-dagang itu menyebabkan ada golongan mengambil kesempatan terhadap individu dan organisasi. Serangan ini lebih kuat di negara maju seperti Amerika Syarikat dan Australia,” katanya. Beliau berkata, walaupun ada aktiviti berkenaan di Malaysia, namun ia masih terkawal dan boleh terjadi kerana masih ada punca kelemahan pelbagai faktor, antaranya penggunaan komputer yang tidak mengikut prosedur keselamatan untuk urusan e-dagang. “Penggunaan kata laluan dan kata nama pengguna yang tidak selamat memudahkan pihak tidak bertanggungjawab memanfaatkannya untuk kepentingan mereka,” ujarnya. Husin berkata, bagi memastikan keselamatan identiti pengguna tidak dicuri oleh mereka yang melaksanakan strategi phishing kaedah dua faktor pengesahan identiti iaitu what you know dan what you have amat penting diamalkan. “Penggunaan kad pintar seperti MyKad secara meluas oleh pihak pihak perbankan dan kerajaan juga dapat membantu mengurangkan aktiviti berkenaan kerana maklumat yang ada di dalam cip berkenaan amat sukar diubahsuai dari luar,” katanya.

Heatsink Design

What characteristics make a heatsink a good one? There’s a number of factors to consider:

• High heatsink surface. It’s at the surface of the heatsink where the thermal transfer takes place. Therefore, heatsinks should be designed to have a large surface; this goal can be reached by using a large amount of fine fins, or by increasing the size of the heatsink itself.

• Good aerodynamics. Heatsinks must be designed in a way that air can easily and quickly float through the cooler, and reach all cooling fins. Especially heatsinks having a very large amount of fine fins, with small distances between the fins may not allow good air flow. A compromise between high surface (many fins with small gaps between them) and good aerodynamics must be found. This also depends on the fan the heatsink is used with: A powerful fan can force air even through a heatsink with lots of fine fins with only small gaps for air flow - whereas on a passive heatsink, there should be fewer cooling fins with more space between them. Therefore, simply adding a fan to a large heatsink designed for fanless usage doesn’t necessarily result in a good cooler.

• Good thermal transfer within the heatsink. Large cooling fins are pointless if the heat can’t reach them, so the heatsink must be designed to allow good thermal transfer from the heat source to the fins. Thicker fins have better thermal conductivity; so again, a compromise between high surface (many thin fins) and good thermal transfer (thicker fins) must be found. Of course, the material used has a major influence on thermal transfer within the heatsink. Sometimes, heat pipes are used to lead the heat from the heat source to the parts of the fins that are further away from the heat source.

• Perfect flatness of the contact area. The part of the heatsink that is in contact with the heat source must be perfectly flat. A flat contact area allows you to use a thinner layer of thermal compound, which will reduce the thermal resistance between heatsink and heat source.

To run a microprocessor faster than the speed for which it has been tested and approved. Overclocking is a popular technique for eking out a little more performance from a system. In many cases, you can force your CPU to run faster than it was intended simply by setting a jumper on the motherboard. Overclocking does come with some risks, however, such as over-heating, so you should become familiar with all the pros and cons before you attempt it.

Overclocking is sometimes called speed margining.